Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads through the air — primarily via coughing, sneezing, or speaking — and mainly affects the lungs, though it can also affect lymph nodes, bones, and the brain.

Among Ethiopian Israelis who arrived during the major immigration waves (1984, 1991, and later), rates of active TB were significantly higher than in the general population — a pattern typical of immigrant populations from countries where TB is endemic. Over the years, and through rigorous treatment and monitoring programs, rates have declined considerably.

Latent TB — where the body carries the bacteria without active disease — is relatively common among community members born in Ethiopia. People with latent TB are not contagious, but may develop active TB in the future, particularly when the immune system weakens (e.g., with age, HIV, or immunosuppressive treatment). It is therefore recommended that anyone born in Ethiopia who has not been tested undergo a latent TB test (IGRA or Mantoux).

Symptoms of active TB include: persistent cough (more than 3 weeks), weight loss, night sweats, prolonged fever, and fatigue. Treatment consists of a combination of 4 antibiotics for 6 months — it is critical not to stop treatment early, even if you feel well, as early discontinuation can lead to drug resistance. Treatment is free through Israeli health plans.