Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that causes red blood cells to take on a sickle shape instead of their normal round form. These sickle-shaped cells cannot carry oxygen efficiently, and tend to block small blood vessels — causing intense pain, chronic anemia, and progressive organ damage over time.

Among members of the Beta Israel community — Ethiopian Jews — the carrier rate is estimated at approximately 20%. A single carrier is not ill, but couples where both partners are carriers face a 25% risk of having a child with the full disease in each pregnancy. For this reason, pre-conception genetic screening is critical and is currently included in Israel's national health basket.

Sickle cell symptoms include "vaso-occlusive crises" — sudden intense pain episodes that can affect the hands, legs, chest, and back. Children with the disease may experience anemia, growth delays, and heightened vulnerability to infections. In adulthood, the disease can damage the kidneys, eyes, and brain.

Modern treatment includes: regular medical monitoring, specialized vaccinations, hydroxyurea (a medication that reduces crisis frequency), and blood transfusions as needed. Bone marrow transplantation is a curative option for some young patients. Notably, some Israeli health plans offer dedicated sickle cell clinics — it is worth enquiring in advance.